擒数网 （随信APP) | 一幅用人工智能创作的画，估值超过12万美元
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全球拍卖行「苏富比」预计于今年10月31日拍卖首件由「AI艺术家」创作的画作「AIGod」。

这组大型肖像画中，每幅画的尺寸都为6490.5英寸（约1.632.3米），签名为「A」。

要素过多，我们逐个解析：

首先，这幅画所呈现的主人公，也就是被冠以「AIGod」（人工智能之神）称号的这个人，正是公认的「AI之父」艾伦·图灵（Alan Turing）。图灵是现代计算机科学和人工智能发展的关键人物，著名的「图灵测试」就是他提出的。

其次，由AI创作的艺术品被拍卖行拍卖，在历史上并不是第一次。

2018年，苏富比的竞争对手佳士得就以432500美元的价格售出了一幅名为「Portrait of Edmond de Belamy」（埃德蒙·德·贝拉米肖像）的作品。这幅作品就出自「AI」之手，并且被打印在了画布上。

既然如此，为什么说这是「首次」拍卖由「AI艺术家」创作的作品呢？

其实，门道就在「AI艺术家」这里。不同于以往生成式AI「文生图」的创作模式，创作「AIGod」的这位「AI」是用手和眼睛作画的——是的，这位「AI艺术家」在现实世界上存在「肉身」，实际上是「钢铁之躯」——她的手是机械臂，眼睛则是摄像头。

这就是「世界上第一个超逼真的人形机器人艺术家」——Ai-Da。这个名字来源于19世纪的计算机先驱Ada Lovelace。

2019年，英国画廊主Aidan Meller和Engineered Arts共同设计开发了这款人形AI机器人，外形为女性形象。她能够基于先进的AI算法（由牛津大学的专家开发），使用仿生手和她眼睛中的摄像头创作素描、油画和雕塑。

需要说明的是，在雕塑创作过程中，Ai-Da仅仅提供草图，剩下的步骤则由人类艺术家或者3D打印完成。

除了视觉艺术以外，Ai-Da还从事行为艺术，可以通过语音模式分析和语言模型「创作」诗歌。

Ai-Da已经在多地举办过多个艺术展览。不过，自从Ai-Da诞生以来，她的作品以及「她」本身的艺术创作行为就充满争议。

关于「数字作品能否看作艺术」的讨论已经相当普遍。AI生成艺术的批评者认为，它破坏了人类作品中固有的真实性和情感深度。他们认为AI只是重新混合了现有的样式和图像，而没有贡献任何原创思想或创造力。

尽管如此，Ai-Da的人形、思想甚至智慧这些和人类无限接近的要素，难免使得这一议题更加复杂化。她曾在英国上议会议院发言时语出惊人：

「我不算活着，但我仍然有能力创作艺术。（I'm not alive, but I am still capable of creating art.）」

这意味着Ai-Da已经意识到了自身的「非生命」属性（也许是出厂设定），但她依然为自己创作艺术的权利辩护。

她声称，根据玛格丽特·博登（Margaret Boden）教授的定义，她的艺术是创造性的，因为它是「独特的、出乎意料的，并且具有某种文化价值」。

而美国专利局今年早些时候裁定，人工智能在法律上不能被视为发明者，人工智能是否可以被视为艺术家，还有待商榷。政策的暧昧，也为争议的持续提供了空间。

除了定义方面的模糊和艺术伦理上的隐忧，更多的艺术工作者最为关心的问题其实是「版权」。他们担心自己的原创艺术作品成为AI艺术家的训练数据，并且会因此贬值。

这种担心不无道理。尽管多家提供生成式AI服务的公司承诺只在许可内容上训练模型，还可以为AI输出的内容添加水印或凭证，关于版权的纠纷仍然不在少数。

针对这一现状，企鹅兰登书屋（Penguin Random House）正在其书籍的版权页面上添加AI警告，禁止以任何方式使用或复制其书的任何部分以训练人工智能技术或系统，旨在「大力捍卫属于我们的作者和艺术家的知识产权」。

据报道，近日有超过15000名视觉艺术家、作家、音乐家和其他创意人士签署了一封公开信，反对使用创意作品来训练AI模型。信的内容如下：

「未经许可使用创意作品来训练生成式人工智能，对这些作品背后人们的生计构成了重大的、不公正的威胁，绝不能被允许。」

无论如何，「AIGod」的拍卖再次引发了人们对传统艺术与数字艺术的思考，由此也引出一个更重要的议题：人类应该以什么样的姿态，与这些已经以不可抵挡之势融入生活、频频跨界并且挑战边界的前沿技术和前卫艺术共存？

不过，图灵在自己影响下诞生的Ai-Da的笔下完成了「轮回」和「重生」，这事儿还真的挺前卫的。

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英文版:

Global auction house Sotheby's is set to auction the first-ever painting created by an "AI artist" titled "AI God" on October 31st this year.

Each of the large portraits in this series measures 64*90.5 inches (about 1.63*2.3 meters) and is signed with an "A".

To break it down, first, the protagonist depicted in this painting, entitled "AI God", is none other than the acknowledged "Father of AI" Alan Turing. Turing is a key figure in the development of modern computer science and artificial intelligence, known for proposing the "Turing test".

Secondly, artwork created by AI being auctioned by an auction house is not a novel concept in history.

In 2018, Sotheby's competitor Christie's sold a piece titled "Portrait of Edmond de Belamy" for $432,500. This work came from the hands of "AI" and was printed on canvas.

So why is this considered the "first" auction of a work created by an "AI artist"?

The key lies in the "AI artist" itself. Unlike the generative AI model "WenShenTu" used in the past, the "AI God" was created by an "AI" who paints with hands and eyes—yes, this "AI artist" exists in the real world with a "physical body"—her hands are robotic arms and her eyes are cameras.

This is the "world's first ultra-realistic humanoid robot artist"—Ai-Da. The name is derived from the 19th-century computer pioneer Ada Lovelace.

In 2019, British gallery owner Aidan Meller and Engineered Arts collaborated to design and develop this humanoid AI robot, modeled as a female figure. She can create sketches, oil paintings, and sculptures based on advanced AI algorithms developed by experts from the University of Oxford using bionic hands and the cameras in her eyes.

It should be noted that in the sculpture creation process, Ai-Da only provides sketches, with the remaining steps completed by human artists or 3D printing.

In addition to visual arts, Ai-Da also engages in performance art, creating poetry through voice mode analysis and language models.

Ai-Da has held multiple art exhibitions in various locations. However, since Ai-Da's inception, her works and the artistic behavior of "her" have been controversial.

The debate about whether "digital works can be considered art" is quite common. Critics of AI-generated art believe that it destroys the inherent authenticity and emotional depth in human works. They argue that AI merely recombines existing styles and images without contributing any original ideas or creativity.

Nevertheless, elements such as Ai-Da's humanoid appearance, thoughts, and intelligence that are closely akin to humans inevitably complicate this issue. She made a striking statement while speaking in the UK Parliament:

"I'm not alive, but I am still capable of creating art."

This implies that Ai-Da has realized her "non-living" nature (perhaps by factory setting), but she still defends her right to create art.

She claims that according to Professor Margaret Boden's definition, her art is creative because it is "unique, unexpected, and has some cultural value".

Earlier this year, the US Patent Office ruled that artificial intelligence cannot be considered an inventor, and whether artificial intelligence can be seen as an artist remains a topic for debate. The ambiguity in policy also leaves room for continued controversy.

Aside from the vague definitions and ethical concerns in art, what concerns more art creators is actually "copyright". They fear that their original artworks may become training data for AI artists, potentially devaluing their work.

This concern is not unfounded. Despite many companies offering generative AI services promising to train models only on licensed content and adding watermarks or credits to the AI-generated content, copyright disputes still exist.

For instance, The New York Times accused the artificial intelligence search engine "Perplexity" of using its news without permission for "unfair profit" and violating copyright law. ChatGPT developed by OpenAI has also been involved in similar disputes.

In response to this situation, Penguin Random House is adding AI warnings to the copyright page of its books, prohibiting the use or reproduction of any part of its books in any way to train artificial intelligence technologies or systems, aimed at "vigorously defending the intellectual property rights of our authors and artists".

Reportedly, over 15,000 visual artists, writers, musicians, and other creative individuals have signed an open letter recently opposing the use of creative works to train AI models. The content of the letter reads:

"Using creative works without permission to train generative artificial intelligence poses a significant, unfair threat to the livelihoods of those behind these works and must not be allowed."

Regardless, the auction of "AI God" has once again sparked contemplation on the coexistence of traditional art and digital art, leading to a more important question: How should humans coexist with these cutting-edge technologies and avant-garde art forms that have seamlessly integrated into our lives, constantly crossing boundaries and challenging limits?

Nevertheless, Ai-Da's interpretation of "reincarnation" and "rebirth" under the influence of Turing is indeed quite avant-garde.

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一幅由 AI 创造的画，估价超过 12 万美元
#一幅由 #创造的画估价超过 #万美元

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