擒数网 （随信APP) | 东京地铁：亚洲最古老的地铁开始公开运营

东京地铁的股票在股市首次上市时涨幅超过40％，在六年内最大的首次公开募股（IPO）中筹集了23亿美元 - 版权AFP Behrouz MEHRI

Katie Forster

每天有六百五十万人乘坐东京地铁的九条线路，这是一个复杂繁多的交通网络的一部分，服务于日本的大都市及其广阔的郊区。

东京地铁的股价在周三首次上市时飙升超过40％，筹集了23亿美元，成为日本六年来规模最大的首次公开募股。

以下是关于该公司及其上市的一些事实：

– 亚洲第一条地铁 –

伦敦建成了第一条公共地下铁路，但在1927年，东京成为亚洲第一个拥有地铁的城市，得益于一条长2.2公里（1.4英里）的轨道，从上野到浅草。

列车每三分钟行驶一次，这条线路现在成为东京地铁现代银座线的一部分，但过去乘坐这些列车的乘客非常拥挤，以至于超过了城市的有轨电车。

在第二次世界大战期间及战后，公共交通的建设放缓，随着日本重建成为一支重要的经济大国，公共交通的建设加快了步伐。

公司东京地铁成立于2004年，取消了之前网络的尖锐的太空时代“S”标志，换成了心形的“M”标志。

– 复杂的地图 –

东京地铁的九条线路 - 银座线、丸之内线、日比谷线、东西线、千代田线、有买卖线、半藏门线、南北线和副都心线 - 总长达195公里。

这些一尘不染、准点的空调列车仅仅是一个庞大的地下和地上铁路系统的一部分，服务于大东京地区，常常被认为是全球最大的城市地区。

除了九条东京地铁线路外，其他四条地铁线路由东京政府单独运营，还有私人服务以及东日本铁路的地面线路，例如绿色火车沿着城市循环运行的山手线，运载着数以百万计的乘客。

每当一列火车停在地铁站时，每个东京地铁站都会播放独特的音乐。

– IPO –

这次IPO是日本自2018年以来最大的一次，那时科技和电信集团软银集团通过上市其移动业务，创造了235亿美元的国家记录。

周三早上，东京地铁的股价为1745日元，比发行价1200日元上涨45％，据报道，该发行在投资者中超额认购15倍。

在IPO之前，国家政府拥有东京地铁股份的一半以上，东京市政府拥有剩余股份。上市后，国有股份总额降低到约50％。

筹集到的资金将用于偿还为2011年地震、海啸和核灾难后重建东北日本而发行的债券。

– 免费票务 –

东京地铁表示，购买200股或更多股票的投资者将获得一些免费票，可以免费参观其博物馆和高尔夫练习场，也可以在其面条摊位上获得免费的天妇罗配料。

早稻田大学商学教授宫岛秀明说，像东京地铁这样的公司“低波动性”，使得他们的股票对于日本家庭来说是一个安全的投资前景。

“对于机构投资者而言，考虑到日元的汇率非常低，以及最近的公司治理改革，日本市场是非常有利的。”他告诉AFP。

– 地下行驶 –

在地震频发的日本，东京地铁列车设置了在强烈震动来临之前停止的机制， 使用监测站的实时地震数据。

气候变化也给东京带来了更频繁和更激烈的洪水，今年8月，一些东京地铁站被暴雨淹没。

此外，在大东京地区下方还埋藏着世界上最大的洪水水箱，一个巨大的地下水箱，用于保护这个大都市免受风暴和台风的危害。

Tokyo Metro shares rocketed more than 40 percent on their stock market debut, raising $2.3 billion in Japan's biggest initial public offering (IPO) in six years - Copyright AFP Behrouz MEHRI

Katie Forster

Every day six and a half million people ride Tokyo Metro's nine lines, part of a dizzyingly complex transport network serving the Japanese megacity and its sprawling suburbs.

Tokyo Metro shares rocketed more than 40 percent on their stock market debut Wednesday, raising $2.3 billion in Japan's biggest initial public offering (IPO) in six years.

Here are some facts about the company and its listing:

– Asia's first subway –

London built the first public underground railway, but in 1927 Tokyo became the first Asian city with a subway thanks to a 2.2-kilometre (1.4-mile) track from Ueno to Asakusa.

The trains ran every three minutes on what is now part of Tokyo Metro's modern-day Ginza Line but were crowded with passengers who previously overran the city's trams.

Having slowed during and after World War II, construction of public transport picked up pace as Japan rebuilt itself into a major economic power.

The company Tokyo Metro was incorporated in 2004, adopting its heart-shaped "M" logo in place of the network's previous one: a spiky, space-age "S" for subway.

– Complex map –

Tokyo Metro's nine lines — named Ginza, Marunouchi, Hibiya, Tozai, Chiyoda, Yurakucho, Hanzomon, Namboku and Fukutoshin — stretch for a total of 195 kilometres.

The spotless and punctual air-conditioned trains form only one part of a vast underground and overground rail system serving Greater Tokyo, often cited as the world's biggest urban area.

All but two of the nine Tokyo Metro routes connect to other train lines, allowing direct access to the capital for commuters in farther flung areas.

Four other subway lines are run separately by the Tokyo government, alongside private services and East Japan Railway's overground routes like the Yamanote Line, whose green trains carry millions in a loop around the city.

Unique jingles are played at each Tokyo Metro station when a train is at the platform.

For example, at Ginza Station, the Marunouchi line's tunes are called "Tomorrow's Door" and "The March of a Little Bird".

– IPO –

The IPO is Japan's largest since 2018 when tech and telecoms conglomerate SoftBank Group raised a national record of $23.5 billion by listing its mobile unit.

On Wednesday morning, Tokyo Metro shares traded at 1,745 yen, up 45 percent from their issue price of 1,200 yen, with reports saying the issue was 15 times oversubscribed among investors.

Before the IPO, the national government owned just over half of Tokyo Metro shares and the Tokyo city government owned the rest. The listing reduces total state ownership to around 50 percent.

The funds raised will be used to repay bonds issued to finance the reconstruction of northeastern Japan after the 2011 earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster that killed 18,000 people.

– Free tickets –

Tokyo Metro says investors who buy 200 shares or more will receive some free tickets to its museum and golf range, as well as free tempura toppings at its noodle stands.

The "low volatility" of a firm like Tokyo Metro makes their shares a safe investment prospect for Japanese households, said Hideaki Miyajima, a professor of commerce at Waseda University.

"And for institutional investors, the Japanese market is very favorable given the very low exchange rate" of the yen and recent corporate governance reforms, he told AFP.

– Going underground –

In earthquake-prone Japan, Tokyo Metro trains are set up to stop just before a powerful jolt hits, using real-time seismic data from monitoring stations.

Climate change is also bringing more frequent and intense flooding to the capital, with some Tokyo subway stations inundated in August by torrential rain.

Also buried beneath the Greater Tokyo area is the world's largest flood tank, a cavernous subterranean reservoir built to protect the metropolis from storms and typhoons.