擒数网 （随信APP) | 今年获得诺贝尔经济学奖的三位经济学家解释了各国经济差异。
擒数网 （随信APP) | 今年获得诺贝尔经济学奖的三位经济学家解释了各国经济差异。
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北京时间10月14日下午5点45分，瑞典皇家科学院宣布了2024诺贝尔经济学奖得主，他们是达龙·阿西莫格鲁、西蒙·约翰逊和詹姆斯·A·罗宾逊。他们因为关于制度如何形成并影响经济繁荣的研究而获得了诺贝尔经济学奖的认可。
三位经济学家都是麻省理工学院的教授，生于土耳其的达龙·阿西莫格鲁和生于英国的詹姆斯·A·罗宾逊都是目前经济学界的知名人物。他们的研究工作跨越了经济、政治、社会、法律、历史等领域，对经济学产生了深远影响。
根据他们的研究，经济的差异是由不同制度和政策造成的。他们认为缩小国与国之间巨大的收入差距是当今最重要的挑战之一，其中的数据显示，全球最富裕的国家与最贫穷的国家相比，财富差距高达30倍。
值得一提的是，他们合著的《国家为什么会失败》这本书回答了一个古往今来都想知道的问题——为什么有的国家贫穷，有的国家富有？这本书也成为了这次诺贝尔经济学奖的基础。
总的来说，三位经济学家的研究为我们提供了一个新的解释框架来理解全球各国之间的经济差异。他们的成就尤其在解释中国近40年来的蓬勃发展时显得尤为重要，因为这是改革开放所带来的经济制度变革带来的成就。不过，经济学的很多理论也被认为是“事后诸葛亮”，并不能真正预测未来。经济学可以让不同的理论并存、相互交锋，帮助我们理解世界的多个方面，这也正是我们对诺贝尔经济学奖和日常经济学的关注所在。
英文版:
On October 14th at 5:45 PM Beijing time, the Nobel Prize in Economics for 2024 was awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson for their research on "how institutions form and influence economic prosperity," receiving recognition from the Nobel Prize committee.
Following the "Japan Confederation of A- and H-Bomb Sufferers Organizations" receiving this year's Nobel Peace Prize, the economics prize is the last Nobel Prize to be awarded this year.
Daron Acemoglu, born on September 3, 1967 in Istanbul, Turkey, and Simon Johnson, born on January 16, 1963 in the UK, are both professors at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Johnson has also served as the Chief Economist at the International Monetary Fund. James A. Robinson, also from the UK, is currently a professor at the University of Chicago.
While there has been some controversy surrounding other award winners this year, the recognition of these three economists is perhaps the most convincing. Their research spans economics, politics, society, law, history, and other fields, surpassing the traditional boundaries of economics. They have been regarded as top contenders for the Nobel Prize in Economics for several years in a row.
In the industry, their work "The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development," written in 2001, has been cited over 18,000 times, marking a peak in institutional economics. Their collaborative work "Why Nations Fail," co-authored by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson, answers the age-old question of why some nations are poor while others are wealthy.
This book, first published in 2012, serves as an illustrative summary of the content recognized by the Nobel Prize in Economics this year.
The Nobel Prize committee mentioned that "reducing the significant income disparities between nations is one of the greatest challenges of our time." Currently, the wealthiest 20% of countries are about 30 times wealthier than the poorest 20% of countries, with the three economists attributing this situation to differences in institutions and policies based on extensive research.
This provides a new framework for explaining the economic disparities among countries globally. Over the years, there have been several theories attempting to explain this issue, such as Jared Diamond's "Guns, Germs, and Steel," which highlights how geographical conditions and resource situations determine a country's wealth or poverty, and Max Weber's "The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism," suggesting that the shedding of shame around earning money is the reason for wealth accumulation.
Whether it's the "geographic hypothesis," the "cultural hypothesis," or even Plato's vision in "The Republic" hoping for rulers to become "philosopher kings" (implying that a country is poor due to the ignorance of its rulers), they are all explanations presented from a certain perspective—of course, the theory of the three Nobel laureates this year, the "institutional theory," is also an explanation, but it appears to have a broader scope of applicability.
A prime example is the rapid development of China over the past 40 years, something that many economic theories in the past could not explain. With no changes in geography or culture, this progress is solely attributed to the economic reforms brought by opening up and reform. These achievements, in turn, promoted improvements in private property rights, rule of law, and social governance, creating a positive cycle.
However, from another perspective, many economic theories are seen as "hindsight reasoning," attempting to find a reason for events that have already occurred, rather than being able to accurately predict the future. From a governance standpoint, no theory is absolutely effective in ensuring long-lasting stability—otherwise, everyone would adopt it.
This is the intriguing aspect of economics—it allows for the coexistence, development, clash, and exploration of multiple theories. Together, they form a window through which we observe the world, serving as a tool for understanding many phenomena. When we focus on the Nobel Prize in Economics, or when the general public seeks to understand and apply economics in their daily lives, this is the content that truly deserves attention and understanding.
Further reading: Recap of the 2024 Nobel Prize series
Physiology or Medicine Prize
Physics Prize
Chemistry Prize
Literature Prize
Images in this article are sourced from the Nobel official website, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy.
今年诺贝尔经济学奖授予的三位经济学家，他们对各国经济差异给出了解释
#今年诺贝尔经济学奖授予的三位经济学家他们对各国经济差异给出了解释
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